Anuario Brasileiro do Cobre | Brazilian Copper Yearbook 2020

2020 Anuário Brasileiro do Cobre Brazilian Copper Yearbook 32 The future of transportation T he electromobility is one of the main bets for a sustainable future. And, in this scenario, copper is important to the construction of electric vehicles and to the implementation of greener transport. The sustainability and fight against climate change are talked about all over the world. It is necessary to take action in order to make civilization change it’s behavior patterns and to decelerate climate change that can collapse the planet and society. In order to achieve IPCC goals during the established 10 years, the challenges are major. This is where electromobility comes in. By not using fossil fuels that emit polluting gases, electricity can be the solution for transportation on a planet that aims to become increasingly sustainable. What is electromobility? - The development of this technology aims to reduce the production of fossil fuel powered vehicles in internal combustion engines. In this context come electric hybrid vehicles or all electric vehicles. Therefore, greenhouse gas emission is widely reduced. Nowadays, 14% of global gas emissions come from transport and, among them, two thirds are road traffic. The smoke spread by exhausts is not harmful for just the planet, but it contributes to global warming and affects public health. About 4.2 millions of deaths per year is due to the exhaust pollution. The brazilian government has goals to implement the electromobility, but all that is related to this subject is still relatively new. However, globally, many countries can already be considered as examples to Brazil. Aiming to have all new cars with zero emission by the year of 2025, Norway is the leader of the electromobility development. In order to enable it, tax incentives were made available to new vehicles acquisition. Germany, Ireland and the Netherlands intend, until 2030, to prohibit the sale of new vehicles powered by internal combustion. The British government affirms that all new cars will be effectively zero emission by 2040 and they want to advance this goal to 2032. More than 40 countries have signed a statement called“Driving ChangeTogether – Katowice Partnership for Electromobility”during the COP24, held in Katowice, Poland. This document is one of the concrete dimensions of the Paris Agreement implementation and the compliance of the Global Climate Action. Difficulties on implementation - Besides being a largely spread technology in many countries, the electromobility is still not completely developed. According to a study published in 2018, there are three areas that are contributing to the delay of its implementation. Accessibility (access to electric vehicles) Infrastructure Availability (such as recharging stations) Lack of Investment Collected data show that electric vehicles still represent a small part of the market. In the European Union alone, there was a growth of 0.9% between 2014 and 2017), with 85% of all sales of electric cars in the EU in just six countries from Western Europe. As previously mentioned, Norway has provided tax incentives to improve the financial capacity of electric vehicles. The set of taxes used makes possible the acquisition of electric vehicles. In the USA, the measures adopted were the tax credits available to buy electric vehicles, which will be valid only until 200.000 have been sold by each manufacturer. Even with all these tax measurements, the lack and poor distribution of charging stations have generated insecurity to consumers, which makes the acquisition of electric vehicles unfeasible. The future of electromobility - In a sustainable future, where decarbonization is one of the main goals for society, the electromobility should grow even more. This, however, will require bigger investments in research to develop the technology. Another important element is the cooperation between governments in order to encourage society and the business world to invest in this technology. The climate problems arising from the greenhouse effect are already felt in many places of the world. It is necessary to create solutions that respect the planet, as electromobility, to make possible to globally change the climate reality. This will only happen through urgent actions in three main areas identified by the polish presidency and released at COP24: technology, humans and nature. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the governments should reduce by 2030 greenhouse gas emissions by 45%. ELETROMOBILIDADE ELECTROMOBILITY Source: IPCC